What exactly is the difference between a surge protector and a fuse? Can a fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of surge protector?

Here is a simplified AC power diagram.

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This is a photo where a lightning bolt took out a home's complete mains distribution box, and a lot of electronic gear as well.

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so, what happens?

a photo is worth a thousand words.

He then describes Rainy Season and Lightning.

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When the current is 200% of the rated value , it will “go open” (the link metal melts) and protect the device.

A fuse is a non-resetable over current circuit protector.

If the nominal power is 4,000 watts then the current at 230volts is 16 amps.

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What is lightning?

Is the question then , "why buy a surge supressor, if the fuse alone protects the electronic circuits from a lightning bolt?".

This one hit behind the barn.

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Lightning arrestor is a spark-gap device, and can be installed anywhere. What is important, is that the wire is thick enough to withstand the lightning bolt and conduct the energy away from the building.

There are three different concepts here that are getting confused.

The other is “what does a “fuse” do?”

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P = e* I, so since I is 16 amps, then the voltage dropped is 1/16 volt or 0.0650 volts.

But during the surge, the fuse will not blow if it is a longer duration and lower value )10 to 50%).

The third is lightning and “how it gets conducted into a home.”

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So combined with a device called a MOV or Metal-oxide-resistor, then forms the 3rd part of a “surge suppressor “.

The MOV will conduct when the voltage exceeds 50% of line voltage.

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This is a high voltage low current spike that comes down the line because of the power poles being struck, and the voltage suppressors activating on the primary side of the transformer.

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He then describes the function of a fuse.

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Now when you have a certain ac resistance, then a current flows in a loop.

what exactly is a ‘surge’ protector?

In schematic diagrams this is the symbol for a fuse:

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At the secondary, it is 1000 times less.)turns ratio). If it gets hit with a 100,000 volt bolt of lightning then the voltage arrestors conduct and clamp the voltage down to line voltage, ( but a small amount leaks down the line). This is the problem.

One is “what exactly is in a ‘surge protector’ ? ”

Mohan forgets that a fuse is a one-time device, and needs to be replaced if it is tripped.

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so, the loop of wire then, when put together with another loop reduces the ‘noise’ on a power line.

2024–10–11 [Victor Olarewsju Victor Olarewaju ]

A circuit breaker is similar, but is resettable.

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“ … to protect building, lightning arrestor, is provided above building and directly connected to earth.”

There are two important concepts here.

the problem then depends on "how fast does the fuse operate?".

An AC voltage/ current source, and an ac inductive load.

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This device then solves the entire problem.

It also is a device that limits the change in current flow.

There is no harm in having the surge suppressor along with the fuse in the circuit. The fuse will not open up until the current melts the link. This will take time, and in the interim, that jolt will get transmitted into the power supplies.

So, the voltage could go up to 500 volts, and the fuse will not open up.

[old diagram got deleted by accident]

He then asserts :

The bolt then partially travels down the line to your home.

Edit 2024–10.

I post the exact comment here.

What does a fuse do?

This is 'the assistant's answer'

Would individual surge supressors have save this equipment? most likely, since the surge supressor would take the jolt instead of the electronic components.

But it can get overloaded, and no longer works.

2024–09–27 [ Mohan Rajaratnam Mohan Rajaratnam ] . Thinks you can get free electricity from nothing : Mohan Rajaratnam's answer to Is it possible to generate free electricity at home using a magnet or other low-cost methods? If so, how does it work?

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OK, this is Mohan Rajaratnam’s definition of a Surge suppressor.

2024–10–16 [ OO OLAOYE OYEBODE ]

Can the fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of a surge protector.

“ A fuse is a device which protects the (circuit) against overload and short circuit.”

At one ohm, the resistor has a maximum of 1 watt power.

but this device (an Inductor) … impedes the rapid changes in the current.

Fuses, on their own, then operate much slower than the MOV variable resistance, during the lightning strike.

This is the picture of an electronic coil of wire wound around a core of magnetic material.

It seems Mohan does not understand the difference between a comment and an Answer.

(Dc diagram shown, AC is similar).

2024–10–11 [Bobby Sanchez Bobby Sanchez ].

For this case there are devices called Metal oxide varistors (MOV).

2024–10–00 [ Ammar Mahdi ] Ammar Mahdi

So, it’s possible that these devices from Trip Lite have addition suppression devices, these ones seem to be sturdy.

First Sentence:

2024–10–14 [Omar Gharbi Omar Gharbi ]

At least they know the answer if they wanted it.

These devices are installed between the “hot” and “neutral” and protective ground.

These are simplified answers to the original question, and does not change anything I wrote above.

Once the voltage goes over 0.0650 volts, then this fact can be used to amplify the difference, and turn the circuit breaker off , furthur down the line. Essentially that is what a RCD/GFCI does, it compares the incoming current, to the outgoing current, and if the difference between the two currents is over 5mA, then it trips the circuit breaker.

Because the load is inductive, the current lags the voltage.(by a bit).

It’s been three xxx five werks, and there has been no response to my follow on query on his Commment to my answer.

But… the neutral is now “floating” because of the 1 ohm resistance.

This is where the MOV conducts again, and dissipated the energy.

[image of Common-mode choke]

(There is no concept of polarity, in the loop because the current changes direction 100 to 120 times a second (power frequency).

“ A surge suppressor is the one which is connected at the input supply so that when there is a sudden change voltage it bypasses thereby protecting the (circuit) and electronic components”

2024–10–10[John johnson John Johnson ]

This is an electronic circuit designed to clamp voltages so that the Voltage Potential that appears at the outlet is never going to exceed the nominal value.

but I think this circuit , shows a few more pieces.

This is where this question deviates from being a 'generic' question, and becomes more specific.

And this is the problem alone. Is the power supply in the equipmemt designed with a lightning strike in mind? Some yes, others, no.